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Preface

Related Documentation

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1 Backup and Recovery Overview

What is Backup and Recovery?

Physical Backups and Logical Backups

Errors and Failures Requiring Recovery from Backup

Oracle Backup and Recovery Solutions: RMAN and User-Managed Backup

Backup and Recovery: Basic Concepts

Physical Database Structures Used in Recovering Data

Datafiles and Data Blocks

The Database Recovery Process: Basic Concepts

Forms of Data Recovery

Datafile Media Recovery: Restore Datafiles, Apply Redo

Complete, Incomplete and Point-In-Time Recovery

Automatic Recovery After Instance Failure: Crash Recovery

Backup and Recovery with RMAN

Files That RMAN Can Back Up

RMAN Backup Destinations: Disk and Media Managers

Types of Oracle Database Backup under RMAN

About Consistent and Inconsistent Backups

About Full and Incremental Backups

About Image Copies, Backup Sets and Backup Pieces

Automatic Disk-Based Backup and Recovery: The Flash Recovery Area

Oracle Flashback Technology:Alternatives to Point-in-Time Recovery

About Restore Points

Matching Failures to Backup and Recovery Techniques

System Requirements for Backup and Recovery Methods

Feature Comparison of Backup Methods

2 Backup and Recovery Strategies

Data Recovery Strategy Determines Backup Strategy

Planning Data Recovery Strategy

Planning Responses to User Error: Point-in-Time Recovery and Flashback Features

Flashback Database

Creating Normal and Guaranteed Restore Points

Database Point-in-Time Recovery

Importing Lost Objects from Logical Backup

Planning a Response to Media Failure: Restore and Media Recovery

Example: Online Redo Log Recovery

Planning a Response to Datafile Block Corruption: Block Media Recovery

Planning Backup Strategy

Protecting Your Redundancy Set

Deciding Whether to Use a Flash Recovery Area

Deciding Between ARCHIVELOG and NOARCHIVELOG Mode

Implications of Running in NOARCHIVELOG Mode

Implications of Running in ARCHIVELOG Mode

Deciding Whether to Use Oracle Flashback Features and Restore Points

Choosing a Backup Retention Policy

Implementing Backup Retention Policy with RMAN

Recovery Window-Based Backup Retention Policy

Redundancy-Based Backup Retention Policy

Archiving Older Backups

Determining Backup Frequency

Performing Backups Before and After You Make Structural Changes

Scheduling Backups for Frequently-Updated Tablespaces

Backing Up after NOLOGGING Operations

Exporting Data for Added Protection and Flexibility

Preventing the Backup of Online Redo Logs

Keeping Records of the Hardware and Software Configuration of the Server

Validating Your Data Recovery Strategy

Using BACKUP... VALIDATE

Validating RMAN Backups: VALIDATE and RESTORE VALIDATE

Testing Your Database Restore and Recovery Procedures

3 Setting Up and Configuring Backup and Recovery

Overview of Interacting With the RMAN Client

Starting and Exiting RMAN

Setting Globalization Support Environment Variables for RMAN

Entering RMAN Commands at the Command Prompt

Using Command Files with RMAN

Checking Syntax of RMAN Commands and Command Files: CHECKSYNTAX

Checking RMAN Syntax at the Command Line: Example

Checking RMAN Syntax in Command Files: Example

Using RMAN to Start Up and Shut Down Databases

Connecting the RMAN Client to Databases

Types of Database Connections Used with RMAN

Authentication for Database Connections

Connecting to the Target Database from the Command Line

Connecting to the Target Database from the RMAN Prompt

Setting Up a Database for RMAN Backup

Persistent Configuration Settings: Controlling RMAN Behavior

Displaying Current RMAN Configuration Settings: SHOW

Restoring Default RMAN Configuration Settings: CONFIGURE... CLEAR

Configuring the Default Device Type for Backups

Configuring the Default Backup Type for Disk Backups

Configuring Compressed Backupsets as Default for Tape or Disk

Configuring Disk Devices and Channels

Configuring Tape Devices and Channels

Configuring Control File and Server Parameter File Autobackup

Configuring the Control File Autobackup Format

Overriding the Configured Control File Autobackup Format

Setting Up a Flash Recovery Area for RMAN

Choosing a Location for the Flash Recovery Area

Flash Recovery Area, Automatic Storage Management, and Oracle Managed Files

Files That Can Be Stored in the Flash Recovery Area

Planning the Size of the Flash Recovery Area

Setting Initialization Parameters for Size and Location of the Flash Recovery Area

Flash Recovery Area Size: DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE

Flash Recovery Area Location: Initialization Parameter DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

Sharing a Flash Recovery Area Among Multiple Databases

Restrictions on Initialization Parameters When Using Flash Recovery Area

Adding a Flash Recovery Area to an Existing Database

Using V$RECOVERY_FILE_DEST and V$FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA_USAGE

Disabling the Flash Recovery Area

Configuring the Backup Retention Policy

Configuring a Recovery Window-Based Retention Policy

Configuring a Redundancy-Based Retention Policy

Showing the Current Retention Policy

Disabling the Retention Policy

How Oracle Manages Disk Space in the Flash Recovery Area

When Files are Eligible for Deletion from the Flash Recovery Area

When Space is Not Available in the Flash Recovery Area

Configure Flash Recovery Area for Disk-Based Backups: Example

Create a Database with Multiplexed Files in the Flash Recovery Area: Scenario

Creating a Database with Only Archived Logs in the Flash Recovery Area: Scenario

4 Backing Up Databases Using RMAN

Overview of RMAN Backups

Files That RMAN Can Back Up

About RMAN Backup Formats: Image Copies and Backup Sets

About Image Copies

About Backup Sets

About RMAN Full and Incremental Datafile Backups

Specifying Options Affecting Output of the RMAN BACKUP Command

Specifying Output Device Type for RMAN BACKUP

Specifying Image Copy or Backup Set Output for RMAN BACKUP to Disk

Specifying Output File Locations for RMAN BACKUP

Specifying Tags for RMAN BACKUP

Using Compressed Backupsets for RMAN Backup

Backing Up Database Files and Archived Logs with RMAN

Making Consistent and Inconsistent Backups with RMAN

Making Whole Database Backups with RMAN

Backing Up Individual Tablespaces with RMAN

Backing Up Individual Datafiles and Datafile Copies with RMAN

Backing Up Datafiles

Backing Up Datafile Copies

Backing Up Control Files with RMAN

Including the Current Control File in a Backup of Other Files

Backing Up the Current Control File Manually

Backing Up a Control File Copy

Backing Up Server Parameter Files with RMAN

Backing Up Archived Redo Logs with RMAN

Backing Up Archived Redo Log Files with BACKUP ARCHIVELOG

Backing Up Logs with BACKUP ... PLUS ARCHIVELOG

RMAN Incremental Backups

Incremental Backup Algorithm

Level 0 and Level 1 Incremental Backups

Differential Incremental Backups

Cumulative Incremental Backups

Basic Incremental Backup Strategy

Making Incremental Backups: BACKUP INCREMENTAL

Incrementally Updated Backups: Rolling Forward Image Copy Backups

Incrementally Updated Backups: A Basic Example

Incrementally Updated Backups: A One Week Example

Improving Incremental Backup Performance: Change Tracking

Enabling and Disabling Change Tracking

Checking Whether Change Tracking is Enabled

Moving the Change Tracking File

Estimating Size of the Change Tracking File on Disk

Using RMAN to Validate Database Files

Overview of Reporting on Backups and the RMAN Repository

Listing RMAN Backups, Archived Logs, and Database Incarnations

About RMAN Reports Generated by the LIST Command

Listing Backups

Listing Backups by Backup

Listing Backups by File

Listing Backups in Summary Mode

Listing Selected Backups

Listing Database Incarnations

Reporting on Backups and Database Schema

About Reports of RMAN Backups

Reporting on Files Needing a Backup Under a Retention Policy

Using RMAN REPORT NEED BACKUP with Different Retention Policies

Using RMAN REPORT NEED BACKUP with Tablespaces and Datafiles

Using REPORT NEED BACKUP with Backups onTape or Disk Only

Reporting on Datafiles Affected by Unrecoverable Operations

Reporting Obsolete Backups

Reporting on the Database Schema

5 Data Protection with Restore Points and Flashback Database

Restore Points and Flashback Database: Concepts

About Flashback Database

About the Flashback Database Window

About Normal Restore Points

Commands Supporting the Use of Restore Points

About Guaranteed Restore Points

Using Guaranteed Restore Points Instead of Storage Snapshots

About Logging for Flashback Database and Guaranteed Restore Points

Guaranteed Restore Points and Flash Recovery Area Space Usage

Logging for Guaranteed Restore Points With Flashback Logging Disabled

Logging for Flashback Database With Guaranteed Restore Points Defined

Using Normal and Guaranteed Restore Points

Requirements for Using Guaranteed Restore Points

Creating Normal and Guaranteed Restore Points

Listing Restore Points

Dropping Restore Points

Monitoring Space Usage For Guaranteed Restore Points

Setup and Maintenance for Oracle Flashback Database

Limitations of Flashback Database

Requirements for Enabling Flashback Database

Enabling Logging for Flashback Database

Sizing the Flash Recovery Area to Include Flashback Logs

Estimating Disk Space Requirements for Flashback Database Logs

Managing Space For Flashback Logs in the Flash Recovery Area

Rules for Retention and Deletion of Flashback Logs

Determining the Current Window for Flashback Database

Performance Tuning for Flashback Database

Monitoring Flashback Database Performance Impact

Flashback Writer (RVWR) Behavior With I/O Errors

6 Performing Complete Restore and Recovery of Databases

Database Restore and Recovery with RMAN: Overview

Scope and Limitations of this Chapter

Restore and Recovery with Enterprise Manager

Basic Database Restore and Recovery Scenarios

Restore and Recovery of a Whole Database: Scenario

Recovery of Databases with Read-Only Tablespaces

Re-Creation of Temporary Tablespaces in Whole Database Restore and Recovery

Restore and Complete Recovery of Individual Tablespaces or Datafiles: Scenario

Preparing and Planning Database Restore and Recovery

Database Restore and Recovery Procedure: Outline

Determining Which Database Files to Restore or Recover

Recognizing a Lost Control File

Identifying Datafiles Requiring Media Recovery

Recovery of Read-Only Tablespaces

Determining your DBID

Previewing Backups Used in Restore Operations: RESTORE PREVIEW

Using RESTORE... PREVIEW

Using RESTORE... PREVIEW SUMMARY

Using RESTORE... PREVIEW RECALL

Validating the Restore of Backups: RESTORE VALIDATE and VALIDATE BACKUPSET

Validating Restore from Backup with RESTORE ... VALIDATE

Validating Backup Sets with VALIDATE BACKUPSET

RMAN RESTORE: Restoring Lost Database Files from Backup

Restoring the Control File from Backup

Default Destination for Restore of the Control File

Restore of the Control File from Control File Autobackup

Restore of the Control File When Using a Flash Recovery Area

Restoring a Control File When Using a Recovery Catalog

Restore of the Control File From a Known Location

Restore of the Control File to a New Location

Limitations When Using a Backup Control File

Restoring the Server Parameter File (SPFILE) from Backup

Restore of the SPFILE from the Control File Autobackup

Creating a Client-Side Initialization Parameter File (PFILE) with RMAN

Restoring and Recovering Datafiles and Tablespaces

Restoring Datafiles from Backup to a New Location

Performing Media Recovery of a Restored Database, Tablespace or Datafile

Restore and Recover of a Single Datafile to a New Location:Example

Restoring Archived Redo Logs from Backup

Restoring Archived Redo Logs to a New Location

Restoring Archived Redo Logs to Multiple Locations

7 Performing Flashback and Database Point-in-Time Recovery

About Point-in-Time Recovery and Flashback Features

About Database Point-in-Time Recovery

Oracle Flashback Technology:Alternatives to Point-in-Time Recovery

Oracle Flashback Query: Recovering at the Row Level

Oracle Flashback Table: Returning Individual Tables to Past States

Prerequisites for Using Flashback Table

Performing Flashback Table

Oracle Flashback Drop: Undo a DROP TABLE Operation

What is the Recycle Bin?

How Tables and Other Objects Are Placed in the Recycle Bin

Naming Convention for Objects in the Recycle Bin

Enabling and Disabling the Recycle Bin

Viewing and Querying Objects in the Recycle Bin

Recycle Bin Capacity and Space Pressure

Understanding Space Pressure

How the Database Responds to Space Pressure

Recycle Bin Objects and Segments

Performing Flashback Drop on Tables in the Recycle Bin

Flashback Drop of Multiple Objects With the Same Original Name

Purging Objects from the Recycle Bin

PURGE TABLE: Purging a Table and Dependent Objects

PURGE INDEX: Freeing Space in the Recycle Bin

PURGE TABLESPACE: Purging All Dropped Objects from a Tablespace

PURGE RECYCLEBIN: Purging All Objects in a User's Recycle Bin

PURGE DBA_RECYCLEBIN: Purging All Recycle Bin Objects

Dropping a Tablespace, Cluster, User or Type and the Recycle Bin

Privileges and Security for Flashback Drop

Limitations and Restrictions on Flashback Drop

Reversing Database Changes with Flashback Database

Performing Flashback Database: Scenario

Options After a Successful Flashback Database Operation

Options After Flashback Database to the Wrong Time

Flashback Database and Ambiguous SCNs Across Incarnations

Performing Flashback Database to a Guaranteed Restore Point

Performing Flashback Database to Undo an OPEN RESETLOGS

Flashback Database Across OPEN RESETLOGS With Standby Databases

Flashback Database To The Right of Open Resetlogs: Example

Performing Database Point-In-Time Recovery

Requirements for Database Point-in-Time Recovery

Point-in-Time Recovery and Database Incarnations: Concepts

Understanding Parent, Ancestor and Sibling Database Incarnations

Incarnation History of a Database: Example

Database Incarnations and Orphaned Backups

Preparing for Database Point-in-Time Recovery

Database Point-in-Time Recovery Within the Current Incarnation

Using a Time Expression for Database Point-in-Time Recovery

Options After Database Point-in-Time Recovery

Point-in-Time Recovery to an Ancestor Incarnation

8 Recovery Manager Maintenance Tasks

Managing the RMAN Repository Using Only the Control File

Backing Up and Restoring the Control File

Monitoring the Overwriting of Control File Records

Managing the Overwriting of Control File Records

Interaction of Flash Recovery Area and CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME

Using CROSSCHECK to Update the RMAN Repository

About RMAN Crosschecks

Basic Use of CROSSCHECK with Backup Sets and Image Copies

Crosschecking Specific Backup Sets and Copies

Crosschecking Backups of Specific Database Files

Limiting RMAN CROSSCHECK to a Backups Since a Specific Time

Deleting Backups

Deleting Specified Backups

Deleting Expired RMAN Backups after CROSSCHECK

Using DELETE FORCE With RMAN Backups

Deleting Obsolete RMAN Backups Based on Retention Policies

DELETE OBSOLETE Behavior When KEEP UNTIL Time Expires

Using Multiple RMAN Channels for Maintenance Operations

About Allocating Multiple RMAN Channels for Maintenance Commands

How RMAN Crosschecks and Deletes on Multiple Channels

Crosschecking Disk and Tape Channels with One Command: Example

Crosschecking on Multiple Oracle Real Application Cluster Nodes: Example

Deleting on Disk and Tape Channels with One DELETE Command: Example

Releasing Multiple Channels: Example

Deleting a Database with RMAN

Changing the Status of a Backup Record

Marking a Backup AVAILABLE or UNAVAILABLE

Exempting a Long-Term Backup from the Retention Policy

Cataloging Archived Logs and User-Managed Copies

About Cataloging Archived Logs and User-Managed Copies

Cataloging User-Managed Datafile Copies

Cataloging Backup Pieces

Cataloging All Files in a Disk Location

Cataloging Flash Recovery Area Contents

Uncataloging RMAN Records

About Uncataloging RMAN Records

Removing Records for Files Deleted with Operating System Utilities

Flash Recovery Area Maintenance

Resolving a Full Flash Recovery Area

Changing the Flash Recovery Area to a New Location

Flash Recovery Area Behavior When Instance Crashes During File Creation

A RMAN-Based Disk and Tape Backup Strategies: Scenarios

Backing Up to the Flash Recovery Area: Basic Scenarios

Scripting Disk-Only Backups

Backup Scripts When Few Data Blocks Change

Backup Scripts When Blocks Change Frequently

Backup Scripts When a Moderate Number of Blocks Change Weekly

Backing Up to the Flash Recovery Area and to Tape: Basic Scenarios

Configuring the RMAN Environment for Disk and Tape Backups

Writing Backup Scripts for Disk and Tape Scenarios

Backup Scripts When Few Data Blocks Change

Backup Scripts When Many Blocks Change

Backup Scripts When Blocks Change Moderately

Backup Scripts When Not Enough Disk Space for a Database Backup

Glossary

Index