Contents

List of Tables

Title and Copyright Information

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Preface

Audience

Oracle9i Standard Edition and Oracle9i Enterprise Edition

Terminology

Typographic Conventions

Command Syntax

Accessing Installed Documentation

Related Documentation

Oracle Services and Support

1 Administering Oracle9i

Overview

Environment Variables

Oracle9i Environment Variables

UNIX Environment Variables

Setting a Common Environment

oraenv Script File

Local bin Directory

Switching Between Databases

Setting and Exporting the Value of a Variable in a Current Session

Setting the System Time

LD_PRELOAD Environment Variable for Loading Shared Libraries (HP Only)

Relinking Executables

System Global Area

Determining the Size of the SGA

Intimate Shared Memory (Solaris Only)

Shared Memory on AIX

Oracle9i Memory Requirements

Database Limits

Operating System Accounts and Groups

Oracle Software Owner Account

OSDBA, OSOPER, and ORAINVENTORY Groups

Groups and Security

Security for Database Files

External Authentication

Running the orapwd Utility

Password Management

Customizing the Initialization File

Oracle HTTP Server

Oracle HTTP Server Log Files

Demonstration Files

SQL*Loader Demonstrations

PL/SQL Demonstrations

PL/SQL Kernel Demonstrations

PL/SQL Precompiler Demonstrations

Administering SQL*Loader

Newline Characters in Fixed Length Records

Removing Newline Characters

2 Tuning for Oracle9i on UNIX

Importance of Tuning

Types of Performance Bottlenecks

Operating System Tools

Common Tools

Linux Tools

Solaris Tools

AIX Tools

AIX System Management Interface Tool

Base Operation System Tools

AIX Performance Toolbox

HP Tools

Performance Tuning Tools

HP Performance Analysis Tools

Tuning Memory Management

Allocate Sufficient Swap Space

Control Paging

Adjust Oracle Block Size

Tuning Disk I/O

Choose the Appropriate File System Type

Monitoring Disk Performance

Tuning UNIX Kernel Parameters

Tuning the Operating System Buffer Cache

Using Raw Devices/Volumes

Guidelines for Using Raw Devices/Volumes

Raw Device Setup

Using Trace and Alert Files

Trace Files

Alert Files

3 Administering SQL*Plus and iSQL*Plus

Administering Command-Line SQL*Plus

Using Setup Files

Using the Site Profile File

Using the User Profile File

Using the PRODUCT_USER_PROFILE Table

Using Demonstration Tables

Using EMP and DEPT Tables

Creating Demonstration Tables Manually

Deleting Demonstration Tables

SQL*Plus Command-Line Help

Installing the SQL*Plus Command-Line Help

Removing the SQL*Plus Command-Line Help

Administering iSQL*Plus

Disabling and Re-enabling iSQL*Plus

Editing the iSQL*Plus Configuration File

Security

Configuring Oracle HTTP Server Authentication for iSQL*Plus

Adding Usernames and Passwords to a Password File

Configuring the Oracle HTTP Server to Use a New Password File

Restricting Database Access from iSQL*Plus

Using Command-Line SQL*Plus

Using a System Editor from SQL*Plus

Running Operating System Commands from SQL*Plus

Interrupting SQL*Plus

Using the SPOOL Command

SQL*Plus Restrictions

Resizing Windows

Return Codes

Hiding Your Password

4 Using Oracle Precompilers and the Oracle Call Interface

Overview of Oracle Precompilers

Precompiler Configuration Files

Relinking Precompiler Executables

Precompiler README Files

Issues Common to All Precompilers

Uppercase to Lowercase Conversion

Vendor Debugger Programs

Value of IRECLEN and ORECLEN

Static and Dynamic Linking

Client Shared Library

Support for 32-Bit and 64-Bit Client Applications (AIX, HP, and Solaris 64-Bit Only)

Pro*C/C++ Precompiler

Pro*C/C++ Demonstration Programs

Pro*C/C++ User Program

Pro*COBOL Precompiler (AIX, HP, Solaris, and Tru64 Only)

Pro*COBOL Environment Variables

Merant Server Express COBOL Compiler

Pro*COBOL Oracle Runtime System

Pro*COBOL Demonstration Programs

Pro*COBOL User Programs

FORMAT Precompiler Option

Pro*FORTRAN Precompiler (AIX, HP, Solaris, and Tru64 Only)

Pro*FORTRAN Demonstration Programs

Pro*FORTRAN User Programs

SQL*Module for Ada (Solaris 32-Bit and AIX Only)

SQL*Module for Ada Demonstration Programs

SQL*Module for Ada User Programs

Oracle Call Interface

OCI Demonstration Programs

OCI User Programs

Custom Make Files

Correcting Undefined Symbols (Solaris Only)

Multi-threaded Applications

Using Signal Handlers

XA Functionality

5 Configuring Oracle Net Services

Location of Oracle Net Services Configuration Files

Adapters Utility

Oracle Protocol Support

IPC Protocol Support

TCP/IP Protocol Support

TCP/IP with SSL Protocol Support

Setting Up the Listener for TCP/IP or TCP/IP with SSL

Oracle Enterprise Manager

Configuring Oracle Intelligent Agent for Oracle SNMP

Configure the Master Agent

Configure the Encapsulator

Verify the Location of the SNMP Daemon in the start_peer Script

Start the SNMP Components

Configure and Start the Database Subagent

Oracle Advanced Security

Calling 32-Bit External Procedures from PL/SQL (AIX, HP, and Solaris 64-Bit Only)

A Tuning for Oracle9i on AIX

Memory and Paging

Controlling Buffer-Cache Paging Activity

Tuning the MINFREE and MAXFREE Parameters

Tuning the AIX File Buffer Cache

Tuning the MINPERM and MAXPERM Parameters

Allocating Sufficient Paging Space

Controlling Paging

Setting the Database Block Size

Tuning the Log Archive Buffers

I/O Buffers and SQL*Loader

BUFFER Parameter for the Import Utility

Disk I/O Issues

AIX Logical Volume Manager

Design a Striped Logical Volume

Suggested Striped Logical Volume Parameters

Other Considerations

Using Journaled File Systems Compared to Using Raw Partitions

Moving from a Journaled File System to Raw Devices

Taking Advantage of Both Journaled File Systems and Raw Devices

Using Asynchronous I/O

I/O Slaves

Using the DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK_READ_COUNT Parameter

Using RAID Capabilities

Using Write Behind

Tuning Sequential Read Ahead

Tuning Disk I/O Pacing

Disk Geometry Considerations

Minimizing Remote I/O Operations

VSD Cache Buffers

CPU Scheduling and Process Priorities

Changing Process Running Time Slice

Using Processor Binding on SMP Systems

Processor Binding in a Networked Client and Server Environment

Processor Binding in a Local Environment

UDP Tuning

Backing Up Raw Devices

Resilvering with Oracle9i

B Tuning for Oracle9i on HP

HP-UX Shared Memory Segments for a 64-Bit Oracle Instance

HP SCHED_NOAGE Scheduling Policy

Enabling SCHED_NOAGE for Oracle9i

Lightweight Timer Implementation

Asynchronous I/O

MLOCK Privilege

Implementing Asynchronous I/O

Verifying Asynchronous I/O

Asynchronous Flag in SGA

C Tuning for Oracle9i on Linux

Extended Buffer Cache Support

Asynchronous I/O Support

D Tuning for Oracle9i on Tru64

Enabling Oracle9i Directed Placement Optimizations

Requirements to Run the Directed Placement Optimizations

Enabling Oracle Directed Placement Optimizations

Disabling Oracle Directed Placement Optimizations

Using Oracle Directed Placement Optimizations

Oracle Initialization Parameters

Tru64 UNIX System Parameters

Process Affinity to RADs

Supporting Mixed CPU Systems

Gathering Database Statistics on Tru64

Oracle9i Real Application Clusters on Tru64

Reliable Data Gram

Requirements

Enabling UDP IPC

CLUSTER_INTERCONNECTS Initialization Parameter (Formerly TRU64_IPC_NET)

Tuning Asynchronous I/O

aio_task_max_num Parameter

Direct I/O Support and Concurrent Direct I/O Support

Single Instance Requirements

Clustered Systems

Tru64 UNIX V5.1 Clustered Systems

Multiple Instance Requirements (Oracle9i Real Application Clusters)

Disabling Direct I/O Support

Preventing File Fragmentation

Enabling Access to the Real Time Clock

Setting Up Raw Devices

Spike Optimization Tool

Using Spike

E Running Oracle interMedia, Oracle Text, and Oracle Spatial Demonstrations

Oracle interMedia

Oracle interMedia Audio, Image, and Video Services

Oracle interMedia Annotator

Locator

Clipboard

Oracle Text

Oracle Spatial

F Oracle Cluster Management Software
for Linux

Overview

Watchdog Daemon

Cluster Manager

Starting OCMS

Starting the Watchdog Daemon

Configuring the Cluster Manager

Starting the Cluster Manager

Configuring Timing for Cluster Reconfiguration

Watchdog Daemon and Cluster Manager Starting Options

G Optimal Flexible Architecture

Optimal Flexible Architecture

Characteristics of an OFA-Compliant Database

Optimal Flexible Architecture Implemented on UNIX

Mount Points

Create Mount Points

Mount Point Syntax

Naming Mount Points for Very Large Databases (VLDBs)

Naming Directories

Home Directory Syntax

Referring to Pathnames

Software Directories

Naming Subdirectories

Naming Database Files

Separate Segments With Different Requirements

Naming Tablespaces

Exploiting the OFA Structure for Oracle Files

OFA File Mapping

File Mapping for a Multiple-Instance OFA Database

Directory Structure

ORACLE Base Directory

Oracle Home Directory

Examples of Product Subdirectories

Contents of Product Subdirectories

File Naming Conventions in the admin Directory

Filename Extensions

Index