6
About SQL Statements

This chapter describes the various types of Oracle SQL statements, and provides guidelines for finding the right SQL statement for your task.

This chapter contains these sections:

Summary of SQL Statements

The tables in the following sections provide a functional summary of SQL statements and are divided into these categories:

Data Definition Language (DDL) Statements
Data Manipulation Language (DML) Statements
Transaction Control Statements
Session Control Statements
System Control Statements

Data Definition Language (DDL) Statements

Data definition language (DDL) statements enable you to perform these tasks:

Create, alter, and drop schema objects
Grant and revoke privileges and roles
Analyze information on a table, index, or cluster
Establish auditing options
Add comments to the data dictionary

The CREATE, ALTER, and DROP commands require exclusive access to the specified object. For example, an ALTER TABLE statement fails if another user has an open transaction on the specified table.

The GRANT, REVOKE, ANALYZE, AUDIT, and COMMENT commands do not require exclusive access to the specified object. For example, you can analyze a table while other users are updating the table.

Oracle implicitly commits the current transaction before and after every DDL statement.

Many DDL statements may cause Oracle to recompile or reauthorize schema objects. For information on how Oracle recompiles and reauthorizes schema objects and the circumstances under which a DDL statement would cause this, see Oracle8i Concepts.

DDL statements are supported by PL/SQL with the use of the DBMS_SQL package.

Table 6-1 lists the DDL statements.

Table 6-1 Data Definition Language Statements

ALTER CLUSTER

ALTER DATABASE

ALTER DIMENSION

ALTER FUNCTION

ALTER INDEX

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW / SNAPSHOT

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW / SHAPSHOT LOG

ALTER PACKAGE

ALTER PROCEDURE

ALTER PROFILE

ALTER RESOURCE COST

ALTER ROLE

ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT

ALTER SEQUENCE

ALTER SNAPSHOT

ALTER SHAPSHOT LOG

ALTER TABLE

ALTER TABLESPACE

ALTER TRIGGER

ALTER TYPE

ALTER USER

ALTER VIEW

ANALYZE

ASSOCIATE STATISTICS

AUDIT

COMMENT

CREATE CLUSTER

CREATE CONTEXT

CREATE CONTROLFILE

CREATE DATABASE

CREATE DATABASE LINK

CREATE DIMENSION

CREATE DIRECTORY

CREATE FUNCTION

CREATE INDEX

CREATE INDEXTYPE

CREATE LIBRARY

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW / SHAPSHOT

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW / SNAPSHOT LOG

CREATE OPERATOR

CREATE PACKAGE

CREATE PACKAGE BODY

CREATE PROCEDURE

CREATE PROFILE

CREATE ROLE

CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT

CREATE SCHEMA

CREATE SEQUENCE

CREATE SHAPSHOT

CREATE SNAPSHOT LOG

CREATE SYNONYM

CREATE TABLE

CREATE TABLESPACE

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE

CREATE TRIGGER

CREATE TYPE

CREATE USER

CREATE VIEW

DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS

DROP CLUSTER

DROP CONTEXT

DROP DATABASE LINK

DROP DIMENSION

DROP DIRECTORY

DROP FUNCTION

DROP INDEX

DROP INDEXTYPE

DROP LIBRARY

DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW / SNAPSHOT

DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW / SNAPSHOT LOG

DROP OPERATOR

DROP PACKAGE

DROP PROCEDURE

DROP PROFILE

DROP ROLE

DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT

DROP SEQUENCE

DROP SNAPSHOT

DROP SNAPSHOT LOG

DROP SYNONYM

DROP TABLE

DROP TABLESPACE

DROP TRIGGER

DROP TYPE

DROP USER

DROP VIEW

GRANT

NOAUDIT

RENAME

REVOKE

TRUNCATE

Data Manipulation Language (DML) Statements

Data manipulation language (DML) statements query and manipulate data in existing schema objects. These statements do not implicitly commit the current transaction.

Table 6-2 Data Manipulation Language Statements

Statement
`CALL`
`DELETE`
`EXPLAIN PLAN`
`INSERT`
`LOCK TABLE`
`SELECT`
`UPDATE`

The CALL and EXPLAIN PLAN statements are supported in PL/SQL only when executed dynamically. All other DML statements are fully supported in PL/SQL.

Transaction Control Statements

Transaction control statements manage changes made by DML statements.

Table 6-3 Transaction Control Statements

Statement
`COMMIT`
`ROLLBACK`
`SAVEPOINT`
`SET TRANSACTION`

All transaction control statements except certain forms of the COMMIT and ROLLBACK commands are supported in PL/SQL. For information on the restrictions, see COMMIT and ROLLBACK .

Session Control Statements

Session control statements dynamically manage the properties of a user session. These statements do not implicitly commit the current transaction.

PL/SQL does not support session control statements.

Table 6-4 Session Control Statements

Statement
`ALTER SESSION`
`SET ROLE`

System Control Statement

The single system control statement dynamically manages the properties of an Oracle instance. This statement does not implicitly commit the current transaction.

ALTER SYSTEM is not supported in PL/SQL.

Table 6-5 System Control Statement

Statement
`ALTER SYSTEM`

Embedded SQL Statements

Embedded SQL statements place DDL, DML, and transaction control statements within a procedural language program. Embedded SQL is supported by the Oracle precompilers and is documented in the following books:

Finding the SQL Statement for a Database Task

The particular SQL statement you use to accomplish a given database task is sometimes obvious and sometimes difficult to predict. For example, you create a table with the CREATE TABLE statement. However, you don't enable a constraint with the ENABLE CONSTRAINT statement, because such a statement doesn't exist. Rather, you modify the column options using the ALTER TABLE statement.

This section lists, by database object and task, the appropriate SQL statement to use to accomplish various database tasks. You can then refer to Chapter 7 through Chapter 11, for the syntax and semantics of each SQL statement.

Note:
Your ability to use the SQL statements listed in this section depends on the version and edition of Oracle you are using, as well as the options you have installed. Be sure to read the detailed descriptions in Chapter 7 through Chapter 11, before using these statements.

Database Object / Task	Operation	SQL Statement
application	allowing to connect as a user	`ALTER USER` `proxy_clause`
application server	allowing to connect as a user	`ALTER USER` `proxy_clause`
auditing	of database events	`CREATE TRIGGER`
call	limit CPU time for	`CPU_PER_CALL` parameter
	limit data blocks read	`LOGICAL_READS_PER_CALL` parameter
checkpoint	perform explicitly	`ALTER SYSTEM CHECKPOINT`
clone database	mount	`ALTER DATABASE MOUNT`
cluster	cluster key, change columns of	prohibited
	extent, allocate for	`ALTER CLUSTER` `allocate_extent_clause`
	migrated or chained rows, identify	`ANALYZE`
	parallelism of, change	`ALTER CLUSTER` `parallel_clause`
	rename	prohibited
	storage characteristics of, change	`ALTER CLUSTER` `physical_attributes_clause`
	tablespace of, change	prohibited
	unused space in, release	`ALTER CLUSTER` `deallocate_unused_clause`
column	add to a table or modify	`ALTER TABLE` `add_column_options``,` `modify_column_options`
	define	`CREATE TABLE`
	drop from a table	`ALTER TABLE` `drop_column_clause`
	generate derived values automatically	`CREATE TRIGGER`
	organization of, define	`CREATE TABLE`
commit operation	prevent procedure or function from issuing	`ALTER SESSION`
compilation	avoid run-time of	`ALTER FUNCTION ... COMPILE`
constraint	add to a table or modify	`ALTER TABLE` `add_column_options, modify_column_options`
	business, enforce	`CREATE TRIGGER`
	enable, disable, or drop	`ALTER TABLE` `enable_disable_clause, drop_constraint_clause`
	specify	`CREATE TABLE`
control file	back up	`ALTER DATABASE` `controlfile_clauses`
	standby, create	`ALTER DATABASE CREATE STANDBY CONTROLFILE`
currency symbol	reset for session	`ALTER SESSION SET NLS_CURRENCY`
data	frequently used, caching	`ALTER TABLE` `cache_clause`
	specify as temporary or permanent	`CREATE TABLE`
data dictionary	convert from Oracle7 to Oracle8i	`ALTER DATABASE CONVERT`
data independence	provide	`CREATE SYNONYM`
database	character set of, change	`ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET`
	create script for	`ALTER DATABASE` `controlfile_clauses`
	database character set for, specify	`CREATE DATABASE`
	datafiles for, specify	`CREATE DATABASE`
	datafiles of, modify	`ALTER DATABASE`
	datafiles, establish number of	`CREATE DATABASE`
	downgrade to an earlier release	`ALTER DATABASE RESET COMPATIBILITY`
	global name of, change	`ALTER DATABASE RENAME GLOBAL_NAME`
	global name resolution, enable for the session	`ALTER SESSION SET GLOBAL_NAMES`
	instances, establish number of	`CREATE DATABASE`
	media recovery, design	`ALTER DATABASE` `general_recovery_clause`
	media recovery, perform ongoing	`ALTER DATABASE` `managed_recovery_clause`
	mount	`ALTER DATABASE MOUNT`
	move a subset to a different Oracle database	`ALTER TABLE` `exchange_partition_clause`
	national character set for, specify	`CREATE DATABASE`
	national character set of, change	`ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET`
	open	`ALTER DATABASE OPEN`
	parallelize recovery of	`ALTER DATABASE` `parallel_clause`
	place in read-only mode	`ALTER DATABASE OPEN`
	place in read-write mode	`ALTER DATABASE OPEN`
	place in sustained standby recovery mode	`ALTER DATABASE` `general_recovery_clause`
	prepare to re-create	`ALTER DATABASE` `controlfile_clauses`
	recover	`ALTER DATABASE` `recover_clauses`
	redo log file groups, establish number of	`CREATE DATABASE`
	redo log files for, specify	`CREATE DATABASE`
	redo log files of, create or modify	`ALTER DATABASE`
	redo log files, establish number of	`CREATE DATABASE`
	redo log, choose mode for	`CREATE DATABASE`
	upgrade to Oracle8i	`ALTER DATABASE`
database character set	specify for a database	`CREATE DATABASE`
database events	transparent logging of	`CREATE TRIGGER`
database link	close	`ALTER SESSION`
database security	enforce authorizations	`CREATE TRIGGER`
datafile	automatic extension of, allow	`ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE` `autoextend_clause`
	create	`ALTER DATABASE CREATE DATAFILE`
	put online	`ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE ONLINE`
	reconstruct damaged	`ALTER DATABASE` `general_recovery_clause`
	reconstruct lost or damaged	`ALTER DATABASE CREATE DATAFILE`
	recover specified	`ALTER DATABASE` `general_recovery_clause`
	replace an old, for recovery	`ALTER DATABASE CREATE DATAFILE`
	resize	`ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE RESIZE`
	take offline	`ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE ONLINE/OFFLINE`
	begin or end backup of	`ALTER TABLESPACE ... BACKUP`
	number of, establish for a database	`CREATE DATABASE`
	online, update instance information on	`ALTER SYSTEM` `check_datafiles_clause`
	specify for a database	`CREATE DATABASE`
dates	format of	See Table 2-9, "Date Format Elements".
decimal character	reset for session	`ALTER SESSION SET NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS`
dimension	add a level, hierarchy, or attribute to	`ALTER DIMENSION ... ADD`
	change the relationships of	`ALTER DIMENSION`
	drop a level, hierarchy, or attribute from	`ALTER DIMENSION ... DROP`
	explicitly compile	`ALTER DIMENSION ... COMPILE`
dispatcher processes	multi-threaded server, manage	`MTS_` parameters of `ALTER SYSTEM`
domain index	alter	`ALTER INDEX ... PARAMETERS`
	rebuild	`ALTER INDEX` `rebuild_clause`
dump file	limit the size of	`ALTER SESSION SET MAX_DUMP_FILE_SIZE`
error messages	language in which displayed, change	`ALTER SESSION SET NLS_LANGUAGE`
function	allow to or prevent from committing a transaction	`ALTER SESSION`
	declaration of, change	`CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION`
	definition of, change	`CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION`
	recompile explicitly	`ALTER FUNCTION`
function-based index	disable	`ALTER INDEX ... [``rebuild_clause``] DISABLE`
	disabled, re-enable	`ALTER INDEX ... [``rebuild_clause``] ENABLE`
global names	enforce resolution of	`GLOBAL_NAMES` parameter of `ALTER SYSTEM`
hash join operations	data blocks for, allocate	`ALTER SESSION SET HASH_MULTIBLOCK_IO_COUNT`
	in queries, enable or disable	`ALTER SESSION SET HASH_JOIN_ENABLED ...`
	memory for, allocate	`ALTER SESSION SET HASH_AREA_SIZE`
index	allow DML operations during rebuilding of	`ALTER INDEX` `rebuild_clause`
	based on a function; see "function-based index"	`CREATE INDEX ...` `column_expression`
	based on an indextype; see "domain index"	`CREATE INDEX` `domain_index_clause`
	collect statistics during rebuilding of	`ALTER INDEX` `rebuild_clause`
	default attribute values of, change	`ALTER INDEX` `partitioning_clauses`
	degree of parallelism for, change	`ALTER INDEX` `parallel_clause`
	direct-load INSERT operations, write to a log	`ALTER INDEX` `physical_attributes_clause`
	extent for, allocate new	`ALTER INDEX` `allocate_extent_clause`
	key compression, enable	`ALTER INDEX` `rebuild_clause`
	key values, eliminate repetition of	`ALTER INDEX` `rebuild_clause`
	merge block contents of	`ALTER INDEX` `rebuild_clause`
	physical attributes of a partition of, change	`ALTER INDEX` `physical_attributes_clause`
	physical attributes of a subpartition of, change the	`ALTER INDEX` `physical_attributes_clause`
	physical attributes of, change	`ALTER INDEX` `physical_attributes_clause`
	re-create	`ALTER INDEX` `rebuild_clause`
	rebuild operations, write to a log	`ALTER INDEX` `rebuild_clause`
	SQL*Loader operations against, write to a log	`ALTER INDEX` `physical_attributes_clause`
	store bytes in reverse order	`ALTER INDEX` `rebuild_clause`
	tablespace for, specify	`ALTER INDEX` `rebuild_clause`
	tell Oracle not to use	`ALTER INDEX ... [``rebuild_clause``] UNUSABLE`
	unused space, release	`ALTER INDEX` `deallocate_unused_clause`
	rename	`ALTER INDEX` `rebuild_clause`
index partition	create-time attributes, change	`ALTER INDEX` `rebuild_clause`
	log direct-load INSERT operations	`ALTER INDEX` `physical_attributes_clause`
	log SQL*Loader operations against	`ALTER INDEX` `physical_attributes_clause`
	move to a different tablespace	`ALTER INDEX` `rebuild_clause`
	physical attributes of, change	`ALTER INDEX` `physical_attributes_clause`
	physical, logging, or storage characteristics of, change	`ALTER INDEX` `partitioning_clauses`
	re-create	`ALTER INDEX` `rebuild_clause`
	remove from the database	`ALTER INDEX` `partitioning_clauses`
	specify a tablespace for	`ALTER INDEX` `rebuild_clause`
	split into two partitions	`ALTER INDEX` `partitioning_clauses`
	tell Oracle not to use	`ALTER INDEX ... UNUSABLE`
index subpartition	change a create-time attributes, change	`ALTER INDEX` `rebuild_clause`
	log direct-load INSERT operations	`ALTER INDEX` `physical_attributes_clause`
	log SQL*Loader operations against	`ALTER INDEX` `physical_attributes_clause`
	move to a different tablespace	`ALTER INDEX` `rebuild_clause`
	physical attributes, change	`ALTER INDEX` `physical_attributes_clause`
	physical, logging, or storage characteristics, change	`ALTER INDEX` `partitioning_clauses`
	re-create	`ALTER INDEX` `rebuild_clause`
	tablespace for, specify	`ALTER INDEX` `rebuild_clause`
	tell Oracle not to use	`ALTER INDEX ... UNUSABLE`
index-organized table	characteristics, change	`ALTER TABLE`
indexes	on a cluster	`CREATE INDEX`
	on a nested table storage table	`CREATE INDEX`
	on a partitioned table	`CREATE INDEX`
	on an index-organized table	`CREATE INDEX`
	on columns of a table	`CREATE INDEX`
	on scalar typed object attributes	`CREATE INDEX`
instance	dynamically modify	`ALTER SYSTEM`
	make an index extent available to	`ALTER INDEX` `allocate_extent_clause`
	switch to a different	`ALTER SESSION SET INSTANCE`
instance recovery	continue after interruption	`ALTER DATABASE` `general_recovery_clause`
instances	number of, establish for a database	`CREATE DATABASE`
Java class	force resolution of	`ALTER JAVA`
Java resource	force compilation of	`ALTER JAVA`
Java source	force compilation of	`ALTER JAVA`
licensing	changing limits or thresholds	`LICENSE_` parameters of `ALTER SYSTEM`
LOB columns	add to a table or modify	`ALTER TABLE` `add_column_options, modify_column_options, LOB_storage_clause`
location transparency	provide	`CREATE SYNONYM`
materialized view	automatic refresh, change the mode or timing of	`ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW` `refresh_clause`
	change from rowid-based to primary-key-based	`ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW` `ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG`
	degree of parallelism, specify or change	`ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW` `parallel_clause`
	divide into partitions	`ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW` `partitioning_clauses`
	LOB storage characteristics, change	`ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW` `modify_LOB_storage_clause`
	LOB storage characteristics, specify	`ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW` `LOB_storage_clause`
	log changes to	`ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW ... LOGGING`
	make eligible for query rewrite	`ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW ... QUERY REWRITE` `ALTER SESSION SET QUERY_REWRITE_ENABLED`
	make frequently accessed data accessible	`ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW ... CACHE`
	revalidate	`ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW ... COMPILE`
	storage characteristics, change	`ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW` `physical_attributes_clause`
materialized view log	automatic refresh, change the mode and timing of	`ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG`
	change from rowid-based to primary-key-based	`ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG`
	divide into partitions	`ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG` `partitioning_clauses`
	physical and storage characteristics, change	`ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ...` `physical_attributes_clause`
	save both old and new values	`ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ...NEW VALUES`
	store primary key of changed rows	`ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ... ADD`
	store rowid of changed rows	`ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ... ADD`
media recovery	avoid on startup	`ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE END BACKUP`
	from specified redo log file	`ALTER DATABASE` `general_recovery_clause`
	prepare for	`ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG`
national character set	specify for a database	`CREATE DATABASE`
national language support	change settings for the session	`ALTER SESSION SET NLS_` parameters
nested table	update in a view	create an `INSTEAD OF` trigger
nested table columns	indexing	`CREATE INDEX`
numbers	format	See Table 2-7, "Number Format Elements".
object references. See REFs
online redo log	reinitialize	`ALTER DATABASE CLEAR LOGFILE`
outline	assign to a different category	`ALTER OUTLINE ... CHANGE CATEGORY TO`
	recompile	`ALTER OUTLINE ... REBUILD`
	rename	`ALTER OUTLINE ... RENAME`
	automatically create and store	`ALTER SESSION SET CREATE_STORED_OUTLINES`
	use to generate execution plans	`ALTER SESSION SET USE_STORED_OUTLINES`
package	avoid run-time compilation	`ALTER PACKAGE`
	compile explicitly	`ALTER PACKAGE`
package body	avoid run-time compilation	`ALTER PACKAGE`
	recompile explicitly	`ALTER PACKAGE`
parallelism	specify for a table	`CREATE TABLE`
	specify for DML on a table	`CREATE TABLE`
parameter, initialization	change the setting for the current session	`ALTER SESSION` `set_clause`
parameter, session	set or change the setting of	`ALTER SESSION` `set_clause`
partition	add to a table or modify	`ALTER TABLE`
	default attributes, change	`ALTER TABLE` `modify_default_attributes_clause`
	logging characteristics, change	`ALTER TABLE` `logging_clause`
	merge with another partition	`ALTER TABLE` `merge_partitions_clause`
	point to data in a nonpartitioned table	`ALTER TABLE` `exchange_partition_clause`
	real attributes, change	`ALTER TABLE` `modify_partition_clause`
password	complexity of, guarantee	`PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION` parameter
	make unavailable	`PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME` parameter
	number of days account will be locked after failed login attempts, specify	`PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME` parameter
	number of days before reuse, limit	`PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME` parameter
	number of days in grace period, specify	`PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME` parameter
	number of days usable, limit	`PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME` parameter
	number of times reused, limit	`PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX` parameter
	special characters in, allow	`PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION` parameter
performance	optimize for index access path	`ALTER SESSION SET OPTIMIZER_INDEX_COST_ADJ`
	optimize for nested loop joins	`ALTER SESSION SET OPTIMIZER_INDEX_CACHING`
	specify the optimizer approach for the session	`ALTER SESSION SET OPTIMIZER_MODE`
procedure	allow to or prevent from committing a transaction	`ALTER SESSION`
	avoid run-time compilation	`ALTER PROCEDURE`
	recompile explicitly	`ALTER PROCEDURE`
profile	resource limit, add to	`ALTER PROFILE`
	resource limit, change	`ALTER PROFILE`
	resource limit, drop from	`ALTER PROFILE`
recovery	distributed, enable or disable	`ALTER SYSTEM` `distributed_recovery_clause`
recovery data	discard	`ALTER DATABASE RESETLOGS`
redo log	remove changes from	`ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS`
	reset sequence of	`ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS`
	specify mode of	`CREATE DATABASE`
redo log file	add	`ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE MEMBER`
	automatically generates names for	`ALTER DATABASE` `general_recovery_clause`
	clear	`ALTER DATABASE CLEAR LOGFILE`
	drop	`ALTER DATABASE DROP LOGFILE`
	enable or disable thread	`ALTER DATABASE ENABLE THREAD`
	rename	`ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE`
	number of, establish for a database	`CREATE DATABASE`
	archive manually or automatically	`ALTER SYSETM` `archive_log_clause`
	number of, establish for a database	`CREATE DATABASE`
	specify a path for	`ALTER SESSION SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_``n`
	switch manually	`ALTER SYSTEM` `switch_logfile_clause`
REFS	validate and update	`ANALYZE`
role	change authorization required	`ALTER ROLE`
rollback segment	bring online	`ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT`
	reduce in size	`ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT`
	storage characteristics, change	`ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT`
	take offline	`ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT`
rowid	examine	query the `ROWID` pseudocolumn
	extended, interpreting contents	`DBMS_ROWID` package; see Oracle8i Supplied PL/SQL Packages Reference
schema	change during the session	`ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA`
schema object	reference without referencing its location	`CREATE SYNONYM`
	reference without referencing its owner	`CREATE SYNONYM`
	specify another name for	`CREATE SYNONYM`
	validate structure of	`ANALYZE`
sequence	cached sequence values, change number of	`ALTER SEQUENCE` `cache_clause`
	consecutive order of values, guarantee	`CREATE SEQUENCE ... ORDER` `ALTER SEQUENCE ... ORDER`
	create	`CREATE SEQUENCE`
	determine current value of	See "CURRVAL and NEXTVAL".
	increment value, set	`CREATE SEQUENCE ... INCREMENT BY` `ALTER SEQUENCE ... INCREMENT BY`
	maximum or minimum value, eliminate	`ALTER SEQUENCE`
	minimum or maximum value, set	`CREATE SEQUENCE` `ALTER SEQUENCE`
	preallocate values for faster access	`CREATE SEQUENCE` `ALTER SEQUENCE`
	restart after a predefined limit	`CREATE SEQUENCE ... CYCLE` `ALTER SEQUENCE ... CYCLE`
	starting value, set	`CREATE SEQUENCE`
server processes	multi-threaded server, manage	`MTS_` parameters of `ALTER SYSTEM`
session	CPU time for, limit	`CPU_PER_SESSION` parameter
	data blocks read, limit	`LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION` parameter
	enable or disable parallel transactions in	`ALTER SESSION`
	inactive period duration, limit	`IDLE_TIME` parameter
	private SGA space for, limit	`PRIVATE_SGA` parameter
	resource costs allowed, change	`ALTER RESOURCE COST`
	restrict to privileged users	`ALTER SYSTEM` `restricted_session_clause`
	terminate	`ALTER SYSTEM` `kill_session_clause`
	total elapsed time, limit	`CONNECT_TIME` parameter
	total resources for, limit	`COMPOSITE_LIMIT` parameter
SGA	flush data from shared pool	`ALTER SYSTEM` `flush_shared_pool_clause`
shared pool	flush	`ALTER SYSTEM` `flush_shared_pool_clause`
snapshot. See "materialized view".
sort operations	linguistic sequence, change	`ALTER SESSION SET NLS_SORT`
standby database	activate	`ALTER DATABASE ACTIVATE STANDBY DATABASE`
	recover	`ALTER DATABASE` `recover_clauses`
statistics	on a schema object, collect	`ANALYZE`
	on a schema object, delete	`ANALYZE`
	on scalar object attributes, collect	`ANALYZE`
subpartition	add to a table or modify	`ALTER TABLE`
	default attributes, change	`ALTER TABLE` `modify_default_attributes_clause, modify_partition_clause`
	logging characteristics, change	`ALTER TABLE` `logging_clause`
	real attributes, change	`ALTER TABLE` `modify_subpartition_clause`
system resources	enable or disable	`RESOURCE_LIMITS` parameter of `ALTER SYSTEM`
table	allocate space for	`ALTER TABLE` `allocate_extent_clause`
	characteristics, change	`ALTER TABLE` `physical_attributes_clause, modify_storage_clauses`
	column, drop from table	`ALTER TABLE` `drop_column_clause`
	degree of parallelism, change	`ALTER TABLE` `parallel_clause`
	logging characteristics, change	`ALTER TABLE` `logging_clause`
	make read-only, read-write	`ALTER TABLE`
	migrated or chained rows, identify	`ANALYZE`
	organization, define	`CREATE TABLE`
	partition, point to the contents of another table	`ALTER TABLE` `exchange_partition_clause`
	partitioning, specify	`CREATE TABLE`
	rename	`ALTER TABLE`
	unused space of, release	`ALTER TABLE` `deallocate_unused_clause`
	heap or index organized	`CREATE TABLE`
	include in a cluster	`CREATE TABLE`
	replicate asynchronous, maintain	`CREATE TRIGGER`
	storage characteristics of, set	`CREATE TABLE`
tablespace	allow or disallow writing to	`ALTER TABLESPACE READ WRITE/ONLY`
	datafiles, add or rename	`ALTER TABLESPACE datafile/``tempfile_clauses`
	logging characteristics, change	`ALTER TABLESPACE`
	minimum extent length, change	`ALTER TABLESPACE`
	reconstruct damaged	`ALTER DATABASE` `general_recovery_clause`
	reconstruct lost or damaged	`ALTER DATABASE CREATE DATAFILE`
	recover specified	`ALTER DATABASE` `general_recovery_clause`
	specifying for a table	`CREATE TABLE`
	storage characteristics, change	`ALTER TABLESPACE`
	take online or offline	`ALTER TABLESPACE`
	user quota on, change	`ALTER USER`
	assign to a user	`CREATE USER`
	space quota for a user, allocate	`CREATE USER`
tempfile	allow for automatic extension of	`ALTER DATABASE TEMPFILE`
	resize	`ALTER DATABASE TEMPFILE`
transaction	distributed, force commit of	`ALTER SESSION`
	distributed, force rollback of	`ALTER SESSION`
trigger	enable or disable	`ALTER TABLE`
user	authentication, change	`ALTER USER`
	database resources limits, change	`ALTER USER` `profile_clause`
	default roles, change	`ALTER USER`
	failed attempts to log in, limit	`FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS` parameter
	number of sessions, limit	`SESSIONS_PER_USER` parameter
	password, change	`ALTER USER`
	resource limits, set	`CREATE USER`
	restrict access to Oracle	`ALTER SYSTEM` `restricted_session_clause`
	tablespace quota, allocate	`CREATE USER`
	tablespaces, assign	`CREATE USER`

6 About SQL Statements